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Sodium Borate Decahydrate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Sodium Borate Decahydrate or borax, also known as sodium borate, sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate, is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid. It is usually a white powder consisting of soft colorless crystals that dissolve easily in water.

Sodium Borate Decahydrate has a wide variety of uses. It is a component of many detergents, cosmetics, and enamel glazes. It is also used to make buffer solutions in biochemistry, as a fire retardant, as an anti-fungal compound for fiberglass, as an insecticide, as a flux in metallurgy, a texturing agent in cooking, and as a precursor for other boron compounds.

Sodium Borate Decahydrate is used in biochemical and chemical laboratories to make buffers, e.g. for gel electrophoresis of DNA, such as TBE or the newer SB buffer or BBS (borate buffered saline) in coating procedures. Borate buffers (usually at pH 8) are also used as preferential equilibration solution in DMP-based crosslinking reactions.

A mixture of Sodium Borate Decahydrate and ammonium chloride is used as a flux when welding iron and steel. It lowers the melting point of the unwanted iron oxide (scale), allowing it to run off. Sodium Borate Decahydrate is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver. It allows the molten solder to flow evenly over the joint in question. Sodium Borate Decahydrate is also a good flux for 'pre-tinning' tungsten with zinc - making the tungsten soft-solderable.

Sodium Borate Decahydrate is replacing mercury as the preferred method for extracting gold in small-scale mining facilities.

Sodium Borate Decahydrate, given the E number E285, is used as a food additive in which certain foods contain higher levels of salt to assist preservation. Its use as a cooking ingredient is to add a firm rubbery texture to the food, or as a preservative. In oriental cooking it is mostly used for its texturing properties.

 
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